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Publius Quinctilius Varus
Publius Quinctilius Varus (46 BC Cremona, Roman Republic – Sept. 9 AD near Kalkriese, Germany) was a Roman general and politician under the first Roman emperor Augustus. Varus is generally remembered for having lost three Roman legions when ambushed by Germanic tribes led by Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, whereupon he took his own life.
==Family Background, Early Life, & Early Political Career==
Varus was born into the gens, Quinctilia. Although he was a patrician by birth, his family, though aristocratic, had long been impoverished and was unimportant. His paternal grandfather Sextus Quinctilius Varus was a senator.〔 (genealogy of Quinctilius Varus by D C O’Driscoll )〕 His father, also named Sextus Quinctilius Varus, was a senator who had served as a quaestor in 49 BC.〔(genealogy of Quinctilius Varus by D C O’Driscoll )〕 This Sextus aligned with the Senatorial Party in the civil war against Gaius Julius Caesar.〔Caes. ''BC 1.23, 2.28.1.''〕 Although Sextus survived the defeat, it is unknown whether he was involved in the assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar. Sextus committed suicide after the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC.〔Vell. Pat. 2.71.2.〕 The mother of Varus is unknown.〔Driscoll at (genealogy of Quinctilius Varus by D C O’Driscoll ) claims Varus's mother was a daughter of the consul Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor, who later married Octavia the Younger, one of the sisters of Augustus. Driscoll cites no authority for this version, which may come from a work of historical fiction.〕 Varus had three sisters. They were probably all younger based on when they started having children, so it seems likely he was born at least four years before his father’s suicide.〔His sisters were all called Quinctilia. One sister married Publius Cornelius Dolabella, consul of 35 BC; another sister married the Roman Senator Sextus Appuleius (II) and another sister married Lucius Nonius Asprenas, consul of 36 BC. The sister who married Lucius Nonius Asprenas from her marriage, has descendants traceable to the early 4th century〕
Despite Varus’ father political allegiances, he became one of the supporters of the heir of Julius Caesar, Octavian. When Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa died in early 12 BC, Varus delivered his funeral eulogy.〔Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', p. 146〕 His political career was boosted and his cursus honorum finished as early as 13 BC, when he was elected consul with Tiberius, the stepson and successor of Augustus.
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